Leigh DayA coroner has raised concerns about the lack of national guidelines around the use of the sedative Propofol following the death of a teenage boy.
Antonio Galisi-Swallow, 15, died at Leeds General Infirmary (LGI) in October 2021 after being sedated for six days via a constant infusion of the drug.
An inquest ruled he died from the effects of continuous sedation by Propofol and heard that since his death Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust had devised fresh guidance which one expert witness said could have prevented Antonio’s death.
In a report sent to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), coroner Oliver Longstaff said he was concerned that without national guidance there was a risk of further deaths.
The inquest heard Antonio had Downs Syndrome, ADHD and autism, and was also born with Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital heart defect.
Mr Longstaff was told the teenager had been admitted to LGI to undergo heart surgery on 30 September after which he was sedated “by a constant Propofol infusion and occasional bolus doses”.
From 4 October Antonio developed a “persistent and increasing fever” and on 5 October he was noted to have a Stage 1 acute kidney injury.
On 6 October concern was raised that his deterioration might be due to Propofol-Related Infusion Syndrome and his Propofol was stopped and replaced with fentanyl.
He died the following day after he went into cardiac arrest.
Recording a narrative conclusion Mr Longstaff said Anotnio died “from the effects of receiving a continuous Propofol infusion of 5634 milligrams plus additional bolus doses over a period of 121 hours, while in post-operative sedation on the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)”.
During the inquest it was heard that following Antonio’s death the trust had devised and implemented guidelines around the use of Propofol for “short term sedation in children and young people on PICU”.
Mr Longstaff’s report said a consultant paediatric intensivist who appeared at the inquest “wholeheartedly endorsed” the guidance and said that “had its provisions been in place in October 2021, it is likely that Antonio would not have died when he did”.
In a statement issued after the inquest, Antonio’s mother Milena Galisi said her son went into hospital as a “healthy, happy boy for a planned procedure that was supposed to make his life better”.
“Instead, I watched him suffer for days as he became more and more unwell, and my concerns were not listened to,” she said.
“No family should ever have to see their child die in such a traumatic and avoidable way.”
Beatrice Morgan, a human rights solicitor at Leigh Day, who represented Antonio’s family, said his death was “preventable” and he “should have recovered” after the surgery.
“Instead, he was kept on a drug that his clinicians knew carried serious risks when used for prolonged sedation,” she said.
“Rather than consider alternative sedatives, Propofol was continued for six days. The expert evidence is unequivocal.
“Antonio died from Propofol Infusion Syndrome, and his death was preventable.”
The BBC has contacted Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and NICE for a comment.
